英语中的语序通常是“主语在前,谓语在后”,这称为自然语序.反之,谓语动词的一部分或全部放在主语的前面,这样的语序称为倒状语序.倒状又分为全部倒状和部分倒状两种.按照目的来分类,倒装句可分为两类：因语法结构引起的倒装句和部分引起的倒装句.
1) 语法倒装句型
(一) 疑问倒装
Can you operate the new machine 你能操作这台机器么?
In what way are they different 她们在哪些方面不同?
(二) There be 句型的倒装
There are many forms of energy .能量有多种形式.
There stands a stone bridge across the river .河上有座石桥.
(三) 表示祝愿的倒装
May you succeed !
(四) 以here,there,now,then,thus等副词为句首的句子倒装.谓语动词通常是be,come,go,exist,follow等不及物动词.
Here is the book you want .你要的书在这儿.
There goes the bell.铃响了.
Now is the hour when they say goodbye.她们告别的时候到了.
Then follows the fashion show .然后是时装表演.
(五) 表示否定或基本否定的词与词组放在句首的句子倒装.这样的词与词组主要有：never \ seldom \ scarcely \ hardly \ rarely \ little \ not \nowhere ; hardly … when \ no sooner … than … \ in no case \ in no way \ on no account \ at no time \not only … but also 等等.
Never has any country made so much progress in such a short time .从来没有任何一个国家在这么短的时间内取得这样大的进步.
Rarely did Tom leave his lab those days .那几天汤姆很少离开她的实验室.
No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to work..她们一到工厂就开始工作起来了.
(六) “Only +状语”放在句首的句子倒装
Only by working hard can one succeed .只有努力才能成功.
Only once have I seen him .我只见过她一次面.
Only when one falls ill does one know the value of health .只有生病的时候才知道健康的可贵.
(七) 反复倒装.
如果前面分句中所述的情况也适合后面的分句,后面的分句常用so （肯定句）,nor ,neither 或no more （否定句）开头引导倒装句.
They can leave now ,so can we.她们现在可以离开,我们也能.
Our society has changed and so have the people in it .社会变了,人也变了.
He didn’t see the film last night ,neither did she .她昨晚没有看电影,她也没看.
Energy cannot be created ,and neither can it be destroyed .能量不能创造,也不能消灭.
(八) 虚拟条件句中的倒装.虚拟语气中的条件从句省去if 时,were ,had 或should 须放在主语前面.
Were it not for your help ,I wouldn’t have got I have today .要是没有你的帮助,我就不会有今天.
Were there no air ,there would be no sound .没有空气就没有声音.
Had I left a little earlier ,I would have caught .我要是早点动身就赶上火车了.
2) 强调倒装句
因强调而引起的倒装句,一般是强调什么成分就将什么成分放在句首,使其句子倒装.
（1） 状语放在句首
Down went the boat !船沉了!
Off is the train .火车开走了.
Up went the rocket into the air .火箭上了天.
Across the river lies a newly building steel bridge .新建的一座钢桥横跨这条河流.
（2） 表语放在句首
Great are our achievements in science and technology .我们在科技上的成就是伟大的.
Of all metal construction are wing structures of modern high-speed airplanes.现代高速飞机的机翼是全金属结构的.
（3） 宾语放在句首
What man has done man can do .前人能做的,后人也能做.
What he did I cannot imagine .我想象不出她做了什么.
Whether these figures are accurate ,I don’t know .这些数字是否精确,我不知道.
What will be the outcome ,no one can tell.后果会怎样,没有人知道.
