问题描述:
英语翻译
Team cohesion
We measured team cohesion by modifying Carless and De Paola’s (2000) scale on work team
cohesion to the context of a new venture.Specifically,we used a three-item scale [α = 0.91] to
measure team cohesion,asking team members to rate the following statements using a five-point
Likert scale anchored from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’:(i) Team members have a
close relationship with each other; (ii) team members like to spend time together outside of work;
and (iii) team members consider themselves personal friends.We averaged each team member’s
response to the three items to obtain a composite score for cohesion.We then averaged this
score within the entrepreneurial team to compute team cohesion.The average James et al.’s (1984)
interrater reliability coefficient Rwg(3) statistic for this scale was 0.9,indicating a high level of interrater agreement.The coefficient of team cohesion × network constraint should be negative and significant if Hypothesis 3 is supported.
Functional diversity
We measured functional diversity within the team using the Blau (1977) index.This measure was
computed using self-reported functional areas of expertise by individual team members in our
survey.
Functional diversity
We measured functional diversity within the team using the Blau (1977) index.This measure was
computed using self-reported functional areas of expertise by individual team members in our
survey.
Control variables
Our research design controls for industry effects by focusing on a single industry.Drawing on prior
research (e.g.,Baum,Locke,and Smith,2001; Beckman et al.,2007; Roure and Keeley,1990),
we controlled for the following firm and team specific effects:(i) Venture size,using the logged
number of full time employees; (ii) Venture age,using firm age in years; (iii) Professional investor
backed,set to one for venture capital or angel investor-backed ventures,and zero otherwise; and
(iv) Prior start-up experience within the team,by summing the count of new ventures started by the
team members before the current one.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Descriptive statistics and correlations of all the variables are presented in Table 1.As the table shows,correlations among the independent variables suggest that multicolinearity is unlikely to be a problem.
Table 2 presents the results of our model predicting venture growth performance.Model 1 is the base model and includes only the control variables,followed by Model 2 that includes the main effects
of external networks and internal team dynamics— network constraint,strategic consensus,and
team cohesion.Model 3 tests the full model with interaction effect between network constraint and
the two team dynamics variables—strategic consensus and team cohesion.
呵呵~这个最后肯定还是要我自己翻的~但是我想看看有没有更多的东西可以参考·~分是一定会送出去的~
Team cohesion
We measured team cohesion by modifying Carless and De Paola’s (2000) scale on work team
cohesion to the context of a new venture.Specifically,we used a three-item scale [α = 0.91] to
measure team cohesion,asking team members to rate the following statements using a five-point
Likert scale anchored from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’:(i) Team members have a
close relationship with each other; (ii) team members like to spend time together outside of work;
and (iii) team members consider themselves personal friends.We averaged each team member’s
response to the three items to obtain a composite score for cohesion.We then averaged this
score within the entrepreneurial team to compute team cohesion.The average James et al.’s (1984)
interrater reliability coefficient Rwg(3) statistic for this scale was 0.9,indicating a high level of interrater agreement.The coefficient of team cohesion × network constraint should be negative and significant if Hypothesis 3 is supported.
Functional diversity
We measured functional diversity within the team using the Blau (1977) index.This measure was
computed using self-reported functional areas of expertise by individual team members in our
survey.
Functional diversity
We measured functional diversity within the team using the Blau (1977) index.This measure was
computed using self-reported functional areas of expertise by individual team members in our
survey.
Control variables
Our research design controls for industry effects by focusing on a single industry.Drawing on prior
research (e.g.,Baum,Locke,and Smith,2001; Beckman et al.,2007; Roure and Keeley,1990),
we controlled for the following firm and team specific effects:(i) Venture size,using the logged
number of full time employees; (ii) Venture age,using firm age in years; (iii) Professional investor
backed,set to one for venture capital or angel investor-backed ventures,and zero otherwise; and
(iv) Prior start-up experience within the team,by summing the count of new ventures started by the
team members before the current one.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Descriptive statistics and correlations of all the variables are presented in Table 1.As the table shows,correlations among the independent variables suggest that multicolinearity is unlikely to be a problem.
Table 2 presents the results of our model predicting venture growth performance.Model 1 is the base model and includes only the control variables,followed by Model 2 that includes the main effects
of external networks and internal team dynamics— network constraint,strategic consensus,and
team cohesion.Model 3 tests the full model with interaction effect between network constraint and
the two team dynamics variables—strategic consensus and team cohesion.
呵呵~这个最后肯定还是要我自己翻的~但是我想看看有没有更多的东西可以参考·~分是一定会送出去的~
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